Jamait ul islami election corner meeting stage collapse

Jamait UL islami election corner meeting stage collapse

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Difference between IELTS ( international English language Testing system) and OET (Occupational English Testing)

OET is an Exam which tests Healthcare professionals level of English in their specific area of expertise

Both IELTS (International English Language Testing System) and OET(Occupational English Test) are used to test the English language of healthcare professionals in different parts of the world.

Many Nurses who have attempted and failed to get the Band Score 7 in all areas will welcome this, especially those who have hit the wall of 6.5 in the written section

   

What is the same

1.    Each test the level of English in four areas skill: reading, listening, writing and speaking.

2.    There is no pass/fail, but a graded score – different institutions need test takers to achieve different scores.

3.    Both IELTS Academic and OET ask for required scores for similar levels of language skill when measured on the  The Standard of English is the same in both tests

4.    Both tests were developed in the late 1980s and are part-owned by Cambridge Assessment English. IELTS ownership is shared with IDP and the British Council. OET ownership is shared with Boxhill Assessment.

What is Different

1.    OET is a lot more expensive than IELTS Academic. If taken in the Pakistan  OET costs around 50,000 as compared to IELTS Academic 25000

2.    Numbers of test takers. Many more people took the IELTS Exam as compared to OET. Until now, the main market for OET has been those professionals wishing to work in Australia, New Zealand. A result of this is that the huge array of IELTS preparation materials including Youtube Videos, Social media and mock tests are simply not available for the OET Exam.

3.    Content IELTS tests academic English – this includes the ability to write essays, follow lectures, understand academic articles and discuss a wide range of topics, from the environment to education to social trends to cultural values. 

OET tests Healthcare English, including the ability to communicate effectively in medical scenarios, write a referral letter, understand a patient consultation, or follow a text taken from a medical journal. There are twelve versions for different healthcare professionals including a paper specifically for Nurses. The Reading and Listening sections are the same , the Speaking and Writing sections are tailored to specific scenarios in which Nurses would use English.

4.    Preparation

Preparing for IELTS involves learning huge amounts of vocabulary on a wide range of academic subjects so test takers are prepared to read academic texts quickly and effectively, understand lectures and discussions, talk about abstract questions and give opinions in detail. Test takers need to learn how to write reports on a variety of data, interpret graphs and a range of essay types. Written texts need to be at an advanced level and so include complex structures and grammar. Learning a set of key exam techniques is also crucial.

Preparing for OET involves learning a wide range of healthcare-related and profession-specific language, so test takers are able to follow, engage with and participate in a variety of clinical scenarios, as well as understand medical texts and talks. They need to be able to write a healthcare-related letter, such as a referral letter, at an advanced level. Applicants need to learn and understand the exam techniques required to quickly and effectively complete the questions

5. Scoring

IELTS is marked out of 9, with a separate score for each paper. Half marks are awarded as part of this. OET is graded from A (best) to E. The UK NMC will require level B

Gutkha (The killer ) and impact on public health

Gutka more harmful than other form of tobacco

It is widely consumed in countries like India, Pakistan & Bangladesh.

 Guṭkha is a preparation of crushed areca nut, tobacco, catechu, paraffin wax, slaked lime and sweet or savory flavorings. It is manufactured in India and exported to a few other countries. A mild stimulant, it is sold across South Asia in small, individual-sized packets that cost between 2 and 10 rupees per packet. It is widely consumed in countries like India, Pakistan & Bangladesh. Gutka is consumed by placing a pinch of it between the gum and cheek and gently sucking and chewing. It is considered responsible for oral cancer and other severe negative health effects. As with paan and other smokeless tobacco products, there are preventive efforts to encourage users to quit and young people not to start.

Usage

Gutkha use can begin at a very young age. Due to its often flavorful taste, easy availability and low price, it is popular with poor children, who can exhibit precancerous lesions at a very early age as a result. Symptoms of cancer often appear by high school or college age. Social custom does not permit children in pakistan and India to smoke cigarettes, so gutkha use, being all but invisible to others, is the method of choice. Gutkha is also used by many as an alternative to cigarettes and is claimed to curb the need to smoke, but eventually becomes another habit tough to quit. Gutkha also causes swallowing problems during night time sleeping leading to dry throat and restless sleep. This may eventually lead to throat cancer in users.. In 2008, about 5 million children under 15 were addicted to gutkha.

Carcinogenic Effects

Betel nut has potentially carcinogenic constituents, according to the NIH. Long-term use can cause oral submucous fibrosis, a condition that makes it difficult to open the mouth. It can also lead to pre-cancerous lesions in the mouth and a cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. Regular use also may increase risk for other mouth cancers, as well as cancers of the liver, cervix, stomach, prostate and lung. Other acute effects can include rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure and worsening of asthma.

Breathing Reaction

Some people report breathing problems after using gutkha, according to the NIH. Some people experience wheezing and an increased breathing rate. While no documented allergic reactions exist in scientific literature, people who have allergies to other members of the Palmaceae, or palm, family theoretically may experience reactions to gutkha.

Body Reactions

Chemicals in the betel leaves can cause skin color changes, along with dilated pupils and blurred vision. Seizures have been reported with high doses, according to Aetna InteliHealth. Gutkha also may cause or worsen conditions that involve muscle stiffness, tremors, difficulty moving certain parts of the body, and involuntary mouth or face movements.

Toxicity

Some people experience toxicity symptoms from gutkha use, according to the NIH. These include increased saliva production, increased tearing, sweating, incontinence, diarrhea, flushing and fever. Other issues can include problems with eye movement, confusion, psychosis, amnesia or feeling euphoric. Withdrawal symptoms like anxiety and memory lapse can occur with long-term use.

Short-Term Effects

Using gutkha can lead to vomiting, nausea, stomach cramps and diarrhea. It also can cause chest pain, either high or low blood pressure, raised skin temperature and irregular heart beat, according to the NIH. Betel chewing can harm gums as well, and people can experience burning and mouth dryness.

Long-Term Effects

Other side effects of gutkha can lead to abnormal thyroid function and kidney abnormalities, advises Aetna InteliHealth, as well as metabolic syndrome, liver toxicity and immuno-suppression. It can also alter blood sugar levels and raise your risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

MY SKIN MY BEAUTY { Dreams Comes True }

The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue and guards underlying  muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. 

 The two types of skin, hairy and glabrous skin (hairless) Because it interfaces with the environment, skin plays an important immunity role in protecting the body against pathogens  and excessive water loss. other functions are insulation, temperature regulation, sensation, synthesis of vitamin D, and the protection of vitamin B folates.

In humans, skin pigmentation varies among populations, and skin type can range from dry to oily. Such skin variety provides a rich and diverse habitat for bacteria that number roughly 1000 species from 19 phyla, present on the human skin

Skin gets its color from a pigment called melanin. Skin color can range from very pale to very dark, depending on how much melanin the body makes. Everyone has the same amount of cells that produce melanin, which is made in the outer layer of the skin called the epidermis; but not everyone produces the same amount. The more melanin your body produces, the darker your skin.

 Your skin regenerates itself. “Your skin sheds its dead skin cells on a daily basis, creating a new layer of skin every 28 days and dead skin cells can remain on the skin

Dust is partly made up of dead skin cells. Dust is an accumulation of many materials, including dirt, animal dander, sand, insect waste, and even dead skin cells. “In fact, each time you vacuum, you’re picking up dead skin cells off the floor, the chair, and the walls,

 Millions of bacteria live on the skin. “The skin's surface is home to surprisingly diverse communities of bacteria, collectively known as the skin microbiota, The harmless bacteria that thrive on the skin can help immune cells fight disease-causing microbes.”

Pimples are not caused by dirt or diet. These are common misconceptions, but there are some common culprits that can offset breakouts. “Acne can be caused or aggravated by menstruation and/or pregnancy due to changes in hormone levels, sweating, humidity, some medications, and certain cosmetics or hair preparations,”

To help treat and prevent acne, I will recommends washing your face twice a day and after working out with a mild cleanser. Use noncomedogenic moisturizers and makeup products and oil-free sunscreens that do not clog pores, and be sure to wash facecloths and makeup pads and brushes regularly. You should remove all makeup before going to bed, and wash and change sheets and pillowcases every few days.

Stretch marks

These are caused when the skin is stretched rapidly (for instance during pregnancy, weight gain, or adolescent growth spurts or when skin is put under tension during the healing process, This type of scar usually improves in appearance after a few years

Filler injections

Filler injections of collagen can be used to raise atrophic scars to the level of surrounding skin Risks vary based upon the filler used, and can include further disfigurement and allergic reaction

Odor from skin

Smell: Body odor comes from a second kind of sweat a fatty secretion produced by the apocrine sweat glands.

 Yum:The odor is caused by bacteria on the skin eating and digesting those fatty compounds. Breasts are a modified form of the apocrine sweat gland.

White skin appeared just 20,000 to 50,000 years ago, as dark-skinned humans migrated to colder climes and lost much of their melanin pigment.

DIET FOR HEALTHY SKIN

Remember: many of the best foods for healthy skin also promote good health overall

1. Eat your vegetables Red, yellow and orange vegetables like bell peppers and carrots contain carotenoids that can help reduce the appearance of wrinkles and make the skin look smoother. A variety of leafy green vegetables offers an array of vitamins and minerals that are vital for overall health and that's reflected on your face.

2. Low-fat yogurt, like all dairy products, is full of vitamin A, another nutrient that's important for good skin appearance. But it also has live bacteria that help regulate the digestive system, which in turn is reflected in skin that glows.

3. In addition to drinking plenty of water pour yourself some green tea. Not only does it warm your belly and give you a sense of well-being, it's got anti-inflammatory compounds that soothe the skin and may even reduce the risk of skin cancer.

4. Salmon contains essential Omega-3 fatty acids the body can't produce on itself own. They strengthen cell membranes, allowing for a better flow of nutrients and holding water in so your skin looks dewy.

5. Healthy oils also contains those fatty acids. So skip the heavy, gloppy dressing and finish your salad with a little olive oil and vinegar.  olive or coconut are also great moisturizers to slather on the outside, and much cheaper and probably purer and more chemical-free

6. Don't consider chocolate a guilty pleasure. Make the guilt go away by reminding yourself that the flavanols it contains make your skin look firmer and more resilient. Avoid the cheap candy bars; it's a rich dark chocolate that provides all the benefits.

Visa information guideline for Student to Norway country

Visa Information Guideline for Student to Norway country.

What is a Schengen visa

The short stay visa is a Schengen visa, which enables you to enter and travel in the following countries: Germany, Austria, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Holland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Malta, Switzerland and Norway.

If you are planning a trip to Europe, and are likely to visit several countries in Europe in the Schengen area, you must submit your visa application in the Embassy or Consulate of the country in which you intend to stay the longest. In case of ambiguity on the period of stay in several countries, you must submit your visa application in the Embassy or the Consulate of the country where you would be entering first.

Important information to visa applicants:

Due to Norways international obligations a decision cannot be taken on the spot. Applicants are kindly requested to apply at least one month before they plan to travel.

A decision made by the Embassy will normally take 3 – 5 weeks. During the high‐season  the processing time might be a little longer. If the application has to be sent to the Directorate of Immigration (UDI), a decision can on average take 3 months.

If the application is rejected an appeal can be made and must be sent to the Embassy within 3 weeks from the date of receiving the Embassy’s decision. The appeal must be in English, signed, be on A4 size paper and be delivered in duplicate with enclosures.

How to apply:

Please note that the Norwegian Embassy, from 20.07.2009 has changed the routines for applying for visas and other permits. Applications are from this date to be lodged at the offices of Gerry's FedEx. More information can be found

Visa Fee: 60 Euro ( Not sure visa fee may be change )

The fee must be paid before the submission of visa application.

Conditions for visa:

•         You must have a valid passport, which must be valid at least three months

•         after expiry of visa. All applicants must agree to deposit their passport at the Embassy while their application is being processed.

•         You must have enough money to cover both travel and stay in Schengen. If you cannot document that, you have enough money to cover your stay you might be stopped at the border even if you have a valid visa.

•         You need an economic guarantee from the person inviting you if you cannot document that you have enough yourself. For more information, see below under "guarantee".

•         You must have legal return permit to your country of origin, or to another country where you have valid residence permit.

•         You must have the intention to leave Norway/Schengen when your visa is expiring. Your application will be rejected if the Norwegian Immigration authorities have reason to believe that you will stay in Norway/Schengen after the expiry of the visa.

•         You must not be registered in the Schengen Information System (SIS) as unwanted by any Schengen countries.

•         You must have a health insurance that fullfils the Schengen requirements for insurance. For more information regarding the requirements, see "Health Insurance".

Guarantee:

If the applicant himself/herself cannot document that, he/she has enough money to cover both travel and stay in Schengen, the person inviting from Norway can make a guarantee. This guarantee has to be made on a special form, and stamped by the police in Norway. The person guaranteeing must present documentation of identity, permit to stay in Norway and documentation that he/she has enough income to be a guarantor. The guarantee form can be found under: "Application Forms

Please note that the guarantee form is just a documentation that the person applying for visa will have enough money to cover travel and stay to Schengen. It is not a guarantee that the applicant will leave Schengen on the expiry of the visa.

Documentation of money to cover travel and stay is just one of several conditions for a visa. This means that a visa application might be rejected even if the person inviting has presented an economic guarantee.

What kind of documents you need to bring:

Initial remark: It is the applicant´s responsibility to present all the required documents and fill out the application form before the interview at the Embassy. If an applicant cannot read or write assistance will be provided for by the staff at the visa section.

Missing documents must be presented within 2 weeks after the application has been lodged.

If they are not submitted within the deadline, the Embassy will make a decision based on the documents at hand.

For all kind of visit visa applications:

•         Application form, in duplicate, filled in block letters.

•         Family tree form (see "Application Forms" "Family tree") for one self, parents and parents‐in‐ law.

•         Three new photos not older than six months. The photos must have white background and be 35‐40 mm in width. For all details see: "Photo requirement".

•         Original passport, which must be valid at least three months after expiry of visa. Old and expired passports must also be submitted.

•         Two copies of passport from page 1‐4.

•         Two copies of ID‐card, both sides.

•         Original + one copy of bank statement for the last six months, if you have a bank account. In addition applicants are required to submit copy of bank statement for the previous year.

•         Property documents, with two copies, if you have any. English translation of documents must be provided.

•         Two copies of Nikah Nama with English translation.

•         Proof of employment which mentiones how long the applicant has been employed by his/hers employer. The employer must confirm that the applicant is granted leave of absence from his/hers work for the relevant number of days.

•         If the applicant runs his own business, he/she must present proof of registration of the business with the relevant authorities and English translation of the documents

•         Salary slips for the last 3 months

•         Tax papers for the previous two years

Business visits (additional documentation required):

•         Invitation from the business partner in Norway must be sent directly to the Embassy.

•         Recommendation letter from the Chamber of Commerce.

•         Recent correspondence between you and your Norwegian business partner.

•         Bank statement for the last six months. In addition applicants are required to submit bank

statement for the previous year.

•         Tax papers for the previous two years. English translation must be provided.

•         Proof of registration of the business with the relevant authorities. English translation must be provided.

•         Tourist visits (additional documentation required):

•         Confirmed hotel booking and financial guarantee according to length of stay.

•         For all visa applicants:

Further documentation may be required.

All documents must be presented in original. In addition an English translation, in duplicate copies, must be presented.

•         Before endorsement:

If your application is granted, you are normally required to fulfil the following conditions before the visa can be endorsed:

•         Your passport must be valid at least three months after expiry of visa.

•         A booked and paid return ticket. The ticket must be presented in original.

•         A health insurance, which fulfil the Schengen requirements for health insurance. The insurance has to be valid in accordance to the length and entries of the visa. For more information on health insurance see: "Health insurance".

.

You may apply for a 7 days entry visa if you:

•         are the spouse of a Norwegian citizen residing in or intending to take up residence in Norway; or

•         are the spouse of a Nordic citizen that has resided in the realm for the last three years, and the parties have been married for at least three years; or

•         are the spouse of a foreign national residing in Norway with a settlement permit or an individual permit to work in a group, and the parties have been married for at least three years. It must be documented that the spouse lives in Norway. If the applicant is married to a foreign national having a settlement permit stamp in his or her travel document, a visa shall not be issued if the Foreign Service mission possesses information indicating that the applicant’s spouse has stayed outside Norway for more than two years. We refer to the fact that a settlement permit lapses when the holder has had his or her abode, or has in fact been resident, outside the realm for a continuous period of more than two years; or are a joint child of the spouses, cf. section 23 first paragraph (c) of the Immigration Regulations, who is going to travel with the applicant. Children of one of the spouses only donot come under this arrangement are living in Norway but left the country before applying for renewal or before decision on application for renewal have a valid settlement permit in Norway, but have an expired visa sticker.

In addition, all of the following requirements must be fulfilled:

•         Both parties must have been above the age of 18 at the time the marriage was entered into.

•         The spouses shall live together in Norway.

•         The marriage must not have been performed by proxy or through telephone.

•         For applicants married to Norwegian citizens the subsistence requirement must be fulfilled, cf. section 25 of the Immigration Regulations. The subsistence requirement equals pay grade 1 for civil service employees.

•         A visa shall not be granted if the applicant has been registered in the Schengen Information System (SIS).

•         The applicant must not have been expelled from Norway with prohibition of entry.

•          It is necessary to contact the Directorate of Immigration to verify this by consulting national registers.

•         The information in the Central Person Register in Norway must be in agreement with the documentation presented in the case. It is necessary to contact the Directorate of Immigration to verify this.

•          What kind of documents you need to bring:

The applicant must submit:

•         Original passport, which must be valid at least three months after expiry of visa.

•         Two new photos.

•         One set of application forms filled in block letters

•         Two copies of passport.

•         Two copies of ID‐card.

Please note:

This is the overviews for getting Norway visa not a 100% surety to get like this

The Embassy decides in each and every case if this Special Regulation may be used, depending on the documents submitted and other relevant facts.

After arriving in Norway, the applicant cannot travel to other Schengen countries until a residence permit has been granted.

If the applicant leaves Norway while the application for a residence permit is still under consideration, a new entry visa will only be granted in exceptional cases.

While the residence permit is under consideration, the applicant does not have the right to attend school or Norwegian language classes or get social security benefit.